15th Century map of Anatolia

Fig. 1 Anatolia or Asia Minor, part or modern day Turkey. 

This is a 15th century map showing various regions and names by which the Greeks knew them. Along the west coast you can see the well-known Greek areas and cities. The Ionian Greeks settled a large part of the coast. Athenians identified themselves with the Ionian tribes. 

In the central south west you can see Pamphylia. Plato writes that Er came from this place. Here is my show on "The Myth of Er": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQAGtHNoqRE

North of Pamphylia you will see Galatia. This place is named after Celtic Gauls who settled there. Many are surprised to know that Celtic peoples settled in this area.

The area of Phrygia gives us the name of the "Phrygian cap," a symbol of liberty. This hat imagery is used on some Roman coins, it is associated with the French Revolution, and is included in the Seal of the U.S. Senate, just to name a few places it can be found. Once you begin looking for it, you will begin to notice it is a well-used image in western culture. Even the cartoon classic, the Smurfs, uses Phrygian caps on their little blue subjects, or most of them. Click here for a fun look at symbols used in the Smurfs cartoon.

Fig. 2 Mithras wearing a Phrygian cap 2nd-3rd century CE (CIMRM 641, Louvre).

Click here to listen to my ancient themed series Ancient Light.